TOJSAT - Volume 6 - Issue 4 - October 2016

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A COMPARISON OF CURVE INTERPOLATION ALGORITHMS FOR LOW CURVATURE CURVES

Vojtech Wrnata, Petr Kretschmer

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Abstract:

This paper presents a comparison of two algorithms for low curvature curves. The
two compared algorithms are: linear interpolation and interpolation with Bézier curves. The
comparison of the interpolation accuracy is verified on a calculation of the length of the
reference curve with different curvature and degree of discretization. Arcs of a circle are used
as reference curves. The comparison of the accuracy of the length of an interpolled curve and
arc shows that interpolation with Bézier curves is always more accurate regardless the curve
curvature.

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ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACTANTS ON DIFFERENT PETROLUEM RESERVOIR MATERIALS

Samya D. Elias, Ademola M. Rabiu, Oyekola Oluwaseun, Beverly Seima

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Abstract:

The loss of injected chemical(s) in the reservoir during injection due to the adsorption
of the surfactant (and co-surfactants) unto the rock materials weighs heavily on the economics
and environmental footprint of the process and remains a focus of research attention. It is
necessary that the surfactant loss in the reservoir during injection is minimized to improve on
the process economics and ensure its wider application. In this study the adsorption of cationic
and anionic surfactants onto the common reservoir rock material and drilling mud weighing
agent is investigated at various surfactant concentration and salinity. The effect of pH was also
studied by formulating an alkaline-surfactant mixture using various concentration of NaOH.
The indirect method of residual equilibrium surfactant concentration measurement was
employed to obtain the adsorption isotherm of cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) and
sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on kaolin, silica, alumina and ilmenite. Surfactant concentration
was varied from 50-600 ppm and the conductivity of the equilibrated media at room temperature
is measured at various brine concentration and pH. Both surfactants were found to adsorb
strongly onto the rock materials while stabilization in the level of adsorption in the region above
the CMC was observed as the monomer concentration falls due to micelles formation. At same
level of salinity, it was found that cationic surfactant adsorbed more strongly on the rock
materials that the anionic surfactant. The volume adsorbed was found to increase up to a
maximum of 1.170 mg/g and 1.8249 mg/g for SDS and CTAB respectively on kaolin and
ilmenite for instance, as the concentration was increased at constant salinity. The same trend
was noted as the brine concentration was varied with adsorption increasing with salinity for
anionic surfactant. As pH increases the volume adsorption for SDS decreases while the opposite
was the case with the cationic surfactant, CTAB which increase with the alkalinity of the
solution.

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AN APPLICATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROCESS CONTROL TRAINING SET

Aydın GÜLLÜ, Hilmi KUŞÇU, M. Ozan AKI

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Abstract:

In this study, a design, flexible and can work on many platforms, has been made for
process control education. Design is an electronic board, communicated with equipment of
proses control training set made by the Bytronic. Electronic card is capable of such these
features; sensor reading (PT100), temperature control and fluid flow control etc. Software has
been developed inside microcontroller located on the electronic board. This software can be
achieved data transfer by connecting with the computer via USB. Thus, process control training
set can be made from programs such as Matlab, .Net etc. This provide a great convenience and
flexibility for students.
In this study will be described electronic cards and computerized control methods designed.

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ASSESMENT OF THE USE OF DIATOMITE AND PUMICE IN STONE MASTIC ASPHALT AS STABILIZER

Bekir AKTAŞ, Şevket ASLAN

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Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) has been preferred to start because of its better
resistance to rutting due to slow, heavy and high volume of traffic. Structure of SMA consists
of high coarse aggregate, high asphalt contents and fiber additives as stabilizers. The stabilizing
additives generally composed of cellulose fibers, mineral fibers or polymers are added to SMA
mixtures to prevent draindown from the mixture. In this study, usability of diatomite and
pumice are investigated in SMA as stabilizer. Initially, Marshall samples of SMA mixtures with
cellulose fibers with varying binder content are prepared. The optimum binder content is
determined keeping the suggested air void content in the mix. Thereafter, the draindown
characteristics are studied with diatomite and pumice added SMA mixtures. It is observed that
there is a high possibility use of 0.25 % diatomite and 0.20 % pumice in SMA at determined
optimum binder as stabilizer.

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AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF CONFUSABLE SETS IN SMART SPELL CHECKING FOR KOREAN LEARNERS OF ENGLISH

Kong Joo Lee, Jee Eun Kim

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This paper presents an automatically generated English confusable word set to be
used for smart spell checking. A confusable set includes pairs or subsets of frequently misused
English words. When Koreans learn English as L2, they produce various types of errors, some
of which are caused by negative language transfer. The language system of Korean interferes
with English which results in creating a peculiar system. In particular, Korean and English
present distinct phonetic and phonemic inventories from each other. The distinctions influence
not only the pronunciation of a word, but also its spelling. For certain types of spelling errors,
smarter suggestions can be provided when a confusable set is modified for Korean learners.
The Double Metaphone algorithm is adopted and revised to implement the phonetic and
phonemic properties of Korean. The result is used to automatically generate a confusable set
which provides customized suggestions to be used in spell checking.

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CLASSIFYING HAND SIGNS USING IMAGE PROCESSING

Ozan AKI, Aydın GÜLLÜ

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Abstract:

In this study, we aimed to classifying basic hand signs with image processing
techniques. Hand images were obtained from a camera and each signs were classified manually
for creating learning samples. Gabor wavelets were used to extract features of each hand sign
image. Meaningful features were selected for teaching machine learning algorithms while weak
features were rejected. Some well-known machine learning algorithm results were compared
and best one were selected for real time testing.

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COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF ROAD SPEED BUMPS

Hakan ERSOY, Kayra KURŞUN

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In this study, for urban traffic control; several speed bump forms are proposed as
novel designs by the usage of design optimization algorithm. A generic automobile suspension
and standard speed bump relations are modeled as dynamic systems and processed in a
computerized simulation. In established simulation model, the speed bump form is assumed as
road input and its cross section curve is polynomial. The optimization algorithm minimizes the
vehicle oscillation when the vehicle passes over the speed bump within the range of determined
speed limits and elevates the vehicle oscillation to a safe but higher pre-defined value when the
vehicle passes over the speed bump with much higher speeds. Optimization is carried out by
entering the required parameters to design optimization toolbox and the obtained simulation
and optimization values provides different speed bump forms for different speeds.

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FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION OF DIM DAM UNDER STATIC LOADING USING DUNCAN CHANG MODELLING

Ergin ERAYMAN, Mustafa YILDIZ, Uğur Ş. ÇAVUŞ, Ali YILDIZ

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Concrete faced rockfill dams (CFRD) are modern dam types have been started
constracting worldwide after invention and usage of vibratory rollers for the rockfill
construction which caused so much decrease post construction settlements of the dams
comparing to the dumped rockfill dams. Cethana dam in Austraila is the first high dam among
these type dams. Dim dam in Alanya having a 135 m height from foundation level is the first
designed concrete faced rockfill dam in Turkey (designed between 1993 and 1994). However,
Kürtün dam is the first CFRD dam wherein its construction completed before Dim dam. CFRD
provides economy and minimizes costs due to its steeper rockfill slopes which leads a decrease
in embankment volume and shorten derivation and spillway structure lengths. In general, post
construction crest settlements of such type dams should be less than 20 cm for the behavior of
stress-strain of the concrete face. Design and construction criteriums of those type dams are
also quite different than the conventional clay core rockfill or earthfill dams.
In this study, to provide an example for dam designers, stresses and deformations of 135 m
heigh Dim Dam located in Turkey is modelled by Duncan Chang and analyzed by FEM using
program ANSYS WB. Then, amount of crest settlements are obtained. As a result, it is
illustrated that all deformations found from this study are within acceptable amounts for this
type dams.
 

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TIME‐DEPENDENT CHANGE OF SEISMIC VELOCITIES ON LOWSTRENGTH CONCRETE

Nevbahar SABBAĞ, Osman UYANIK

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In this study, time-dependent change of Seismic velocities on low-strength concrete
samples was investigated. For this purpose, 150x150x150 mm sizes 9 cubic samples were
prepared for each of 4 different concrete designs. Water cure was applied on prepared samples.
Seismic Ultrasonic P and S waves travel time measurements were made on the two opposed
surfaces of the samples for 90 days during specific time periods and P and S wave velocities
were calculated. Time dependent curves of Seismic velocity values that obtained from
performed these studies depending on the time were formed. While Seismic velocities of
saturated samples increased depending on the time, thought to be after 72nd day very few decline
in Seismic velocities were observed. Reasons of this decrease in Seismic velocity values, bring
thought of samples remain more water than required and the long-term exposed to water
adversely affect characteristics of concrete samples.

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WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Öznur ŞENGEL, Muhammed Ali AYDIN

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Energy is hot topic in the improvements of the technology because energy efficiency
topic is very important for future generations with the growing population in the world.
Recently, hardware and functional structures in network are provided more data transmission
with less energy and improvement the usage of communication tools on the internet.
Telecommunications companies lean in to develop their infrastructure with energy efficiency.
Hardware and functional routing methods are developed for energy efficiency and quality of
service while fiber infrastructure with WDM networks is preferred to provide fast
communication. This study gives information about Optical Circuit Switching (OCS), Optical
Packet Switching (OPS), Optical Burst Switching (OBS), and Parallel Optical Burst Switching
(POBS) in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks and their strategies, methods
and studies to improve energy efficiency.

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