TOJSAT - Volume 8 - Issue 4 - October 2018

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COMPARISON OF QUALITY PARAMETERS FOR RING AND OPEN-END ROTOR SPUN YARNS

Suat CANOGLU, S.Muge YUKSELOGLU, Nagihan KUCUK

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Spinning is a major part of the textile manufacturing process where among all these are ring spinning and open-end rotor spinning which are widely used in production of textiles. In this study, cotton (CO) and polyester (PES) fibers were used with various blends to produce both ring and open-end rotor spun yarns. These 3 different blends (33/67% PES/CO, 50/50 % PES/CO and 67/33 PES/ CO) of Ne 30/1 yarns were later knitted on a plain knitting machine. The physical properties of these produced spun yarns were studied i.e. evenness, hairiness, breaking strength and elongation with additionally pilling properties of the produced fabrics.  It was observed that as the blend ratio of the PES fiber increases within the yarn structure the both breaking strength and elongation gets higher on the ring-spun and open-end rotor spun yarns. Among all these produced blended spun yarns, the highest breaking strength and elongation is 21.79 cN/tex and 8.96% respectively. Evenness test results showed that ring spun yarns presented better values than the open-end rotor spun yarns; the lowest %CV %90 was obtained on the %67/33 PES/CO ring spun yarns. Both imperfection values and hairiness gets better as the PES ratio increases within the both yarn types. On the other hand, better pilling resistance was obtained on the OE-rotor spun than the ring spun yarns. The pilling values also indicate that as the PES fiber ratio increases within the open-end rotor spun yarns it shows better pilling (pilling scale 4-5).

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CREEP BEHAVIOR PREDICTION OF ALUMINUM-TITANIUM DIBORIDE (Al-TiB2) METAL MATRIX COMPOSITE USING FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION

Mine USLU UYSAL

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Metal matrix composites are widely preferred for engineering applications, especially aluminum is used as a matrix because of its unique mechanical properties in naval and aerospace industries. In the present paper, the creep behavior of an aluminum based metal matrix composite reinforced with TiB2 particles was studied for various over temperature range and stress levels. Aluminum 6061 was selected to be the metal matrix which has high strength to weight ratio and it is reinforced with TiB2 which has extremely thermal stability. TiB2 powder is added into the aluminum by varying the percentage of the powder by volume in order of 3,6 and 9 percent, respectively. The finite element analysis software package ANSYS® is used to obtain the creep behavior of the composite material. The influence of the over temperature rates, stress levels and volume of the TiB2 powders on the creep behavior were studied by using simple finite element model. Using such a simple composite model, remarkable savings in time and identifying the correct combination of the TiB2 powder can be obtained for creep conditions.

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DEPOLLUTION OF OLIVE MILL WASTEWATER THROUGH ELECTROCOAGULATION AND ADVANCED OXIDATION

Hoor JALO, Samir EL HAJJAJI, Abdelkrim OUARDAOUI

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The goal of the Research described in this paper is to treat Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) to cause its decolorization, thus enabling its safe and legal release in main water streams. To this end, two different methods were tested on samples of OMWW collected from Ain Taoujdate, a small town that is located 25 km to the south of Fez, Morocco. These samples were freshly diluted by a factor of 20 prior to a treatment by either electrocoagulation or the photo-Fenton process, a type of advanced oxidation. It was found that an electrocoagulation treatment of two hours, at 22V DC with aluminum plates, was satisfactory to get nearly clear and colorless water (93% decolorization). A phenolic content reduction by 92.4% was obtained using this same technique. Photo-Fenton was tested with the use of H2O2/Fe(II), O2/Fe(II), and H2O2/O2/Fe(II) at a wavelength of 254 nm. With this technique, the best operating conditions afforded 78% decolorization.  A discussion on the viability of each technique concludes this study.

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DRILL TOOL FLANK WEAR IN DRILLING OF PURE AND CARBON BLACK REINFORCED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

Alper UYSAL

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Polymer materials are preferred in various industrial areas such as automotive, manufacturing, aeronautic etc. and their material properties are improved by reinforcing carbon black, carbon fiber, graphite, carbon nanotubes, metal oxides etc. to enhance their usage areas. Additionally, in application areas, drilling operations are required for assembly processes. Therefore, in this experimental study, drill tool flank wear was investigated in drilling of pure and carbon black reinforced HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) materials. In experiments, two cutting speeds, feeds, and drill point angles (120° and 80°-120°) were selected as drilling parameters. Depending on the results, drill tool flank wear increased with increase of cutting speed and decreased with increase of feed. The maximum tool wear values were measured in drilling with standard drill tools (120°) and the double-angled (80°-120°) drill tool design reduced the tool wear. In addition, the carbon black addition improved the material properties of HDPE and this caused an increase in drill tool flank wear during drilling process.

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EFFECTS OF HIGH-ENERGY BALL MILLING PARAMETERS ON STRUCTURE AND THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF TINCAL

Tuğba TUNÇ PARLAK, Neşe GÜÇLÜ KALEİÇLİ, Kenan YILDIZ

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Tincal is widely used mineral in ceramic and metallurgy industries and raw material of borax production. It contains clay minerals and crystal water in the structure. Tincal, named as sodium tetraborate decahydrate, that has same formulation with borax, as known as borax decahydrate is the member of sodium borates and its formulation is expressed as Na2B4O7.10H2O or Na2(B4O5(OH)4).8H2O. Extra weight of water in raw boron minerals may become problem in point of transportation, storage, energy cost for producing anhydrous borates and by-product. In this study, with the aim of removing structural water and creating structural alterations for the forward mineral processing with less cost. High-energy ball milling, as known as mechanical activation process, was applied by planetary mono mill with variable parameters such as revolution per minute-speed of main disc (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 rpm for 30 min at ball-to-mass ratio 20), ball-to-mass ratio (10, 20, 30 and 40 for 30 min at 600 rpm) and mechanical activation time (15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Investigations of effects of activations parameters were done by using X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. It was concluded that structure of tincal was changed and loss of crystalline water was occurred during high-energy ball milling. 

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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BRUCELLOSIS IN SHEEP AND GOATS IN THE IRAQI KURDISTAN REGION

Emad A. Aziz Alshwany, Ian D. Robertson

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Brucellosis is an infectious zoonotic bacterial disease of worldwide importance. A cross-sectional serological study was undertaken in the Kurdistan Region to better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis in this region. A total of 694 sheep and 356 goats were sampled and tested with the Rose Bengal test. The seroprevalence in sheep (7.4%; 95% CI 5.5 - 9.6%) (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.1 – 3.6) was significantly higher than that in goats (3.9%; 95% CI 2.2 - 6.5%). The highest seroprevalence among sheep (8.1%) was in Erbil province and the lowest in Dohuk province (4.9%). Among goats the highest seroprevalence (7.1%) was in Sulaymani province, and no seropositive goats were detected in Kirkuk and Dohuk provinces. The RBT seroprevalence in female sheep (6.5%; 95% CI 4.4 – 9.1%) was similar to that of males (9.3%; 95% CI 5.8 - 14.0%) (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.38 – 1.21). The seroprevalence in female goats (4.7%; 95% CI 2.5 – 7.9%) was also similar to that of male goats (1.3%; 95% CI 0.0 – 6.9%) (OR 3.78; 95% CI 0.49 – 29.33). 

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EVALUATING USER SATISFACTION IN STUDENT APARTMENTS BASED ON COMFORT CONDITIONS: BURSA / GORUKLE EXAMPLE

Filiz ŞENKAL SEZER, Secil BALLI HEPTASKIN

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Without doubt one of the most important problems for students that start their university education in a city different than the city of their families is "residence”. Many students that enroll in universities in Turkey prefer to live in state dormitories, private dormitories or student apartments. Apartments are places that continuously provide residences to students. The goal of this study is to determine the important apartment criteria for students and to provide suggestions that may provide solutions to ensure that these types of buildings provide the necessary performance conditions. It is also aimed to determine dissatisfaction based on user views and based on these views to create design criteria for buildings to be constructed. A hypothesis, which states that increasing structural comfort conditions in apartments will increase the productivity of students, is also put forward. In the scope of this study a survey was made in four student apartments located in the Gorukle District, which is near the exit of the Uludag University Gorukle Campus in Bursa, the 4th largest city in Turkey. The stages of this study are literature research on the subject of this analysis, evaluation of information on indoor comfort conditions, determining comfort conditions and preparing a survey to receive feedback on the experience of users in the designed environment, and evaluating the survey results to understand users’ current satisfaction levels and comfort needs. Based on these data, transportation and security, ergonomics, thermal comfort, audial comfort, natural and artificial lighting, indoor air quality were used as evaluation criteria as a means to ensure optimum comfort conditions are met in buildings.

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EVALUATION OF POLYETHYLENE BASED INSULATION MATERIAL IN TEXTILE DYEING MACHINES

Betül Özer, Behçet Güven

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Energy efficiency efforts are getting more importance in accordance with the better understood of the sustainable development in all over the world. Accordingly improvements in the energy efficiency, reducing energy intensity both sectoral and macro-level are primary components of Turkish national energy policy. Textile sector has a significant share in the production and export industry of Turkey. A significant percentage of heat energy is being lost in the dyeing processes through wastewater, equipment surfaces, and exhaust gasses. These energy losses can be reduced via an efficient isolation of the machinery. The subject of this study is to evaluate the energy-saving efficiency of a highly cross-linked polyethylene foam insulation material in textile dyeing machines. Dyeing
machines are heated to 130oC and cooled again during the process. 27% heat saving was achieved after 48 tons of dyed fabric in 20 days of trial period.

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EXTRACTION OF CUSTOMER DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS IN SUPERMARKETS BASED ON IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES

Selay ILGAZ SÜMER, Görkem ÖZGÜRBÜZ, Emre SÜMER

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Analysis of video data in a retail environment provides valuable information for business operators. Customer gender identification and age interval estimation are commonly used to better plan resources and marketing strategies. In this study, some demographic characteristics (gender and age interval) of hypothetical customers are extracted from video images. To extract gender information, geometric facial features are used. On the other hand, age intervals are estimated by measuring the size and proportions of the human face, and edge analysis as well. Besides, the trajectories of the customers are determined by image processing techniques. The preliminary experimental results show that promising clues are extracted to be used in the retail video analytics. In the future, we believe that these characteristics can be associated with heatmaps of customer walk-through patterns, which allows for optimal product placement and efficient floor setup.

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IDENTIFYING PREDICTIVE GENES FOR SEQUENCE CLASSIFICATION USING ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE RECOGNITION SYSTEM

Canan BATUR, Banu DİRİ

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The small sample data in the high-dimensional data space are encountered in biological applications such as in gene expression microarrays and proteomics mass spectrometry. Due to the fact that such data have characteristics such as high-dimensionality and small sample dimension, their classification becomes hard. Many feature selection algorithms were developed for the purpose of reducing the dimensionality of this kind of data and improving the accuracy of classifiers. In the realization of area discoveries through feature sets, the selected feature subsets skip important information in unnecessary feature sets. This problem comes into prominence with the feature, in the process of performing the discovery of information from the high-dimensional data space. This paper evaluates the proposed ensemble gene selection method based on a local feature selection to Artificial Immune Recognition algorithms in order to find the optimal biological sequences. The unique feature of this study is developing the different type of associated feature groups defined using high-dimensional data in order to find important tumor-related genes. The comparative tests were performed on the training set and test set separately with using support vector machines and k-NN classifiers.

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Mini-Review : THE CLASSIFICATION STUDIES DONE FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF THE STOMACH CANCER

Furkan ESMERAY, İbrahim Hanifi ÖZERCAN

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Cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease Cancer is composed of many
different subtypes. The early diagnosis and diagnosis of gastric cancer has become imperative in cancer
research because it may facilitate the subsequent clinical treatment of patients. Separation of gastric cancer
patients into normal, low and high groups has become important in bioinformatics and biomedical fields. This
has led to an increase in the practice of machine learning (ML) methods for early cancer diagnosis in the
literature. Machine learning methods have been used to model the progression and treatment of stomach cancer.
ML methods have been used to detect complex cell characteristics in cancer images. (ANN), Bayesian
Networks (BNS), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), Linear
Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Sammon mapping, Stochastic Neighbor New algorithms have been proposed
using various machine learning techniques such as Embedding (SNE), Isomap, Classical multidimensional
scaling (MDS), and Local Linear Embedding (LLE). Although machine learning techniques for gastric cancer
have been widely applied and ultimately yielded high classification performances, an appropriate level of
validation is required to take these methods into account in daily clinical treatment and practice. In this study,
the methods used in algorithms for early diagnosis of stomach cancer and the classification ratios are described.
In the advanced algorithms, various different features and image data are used. As a result, in this article, ML
methods for gastric cancer research are increasing. For this reason, published articles have been presented to
model the risk of stomach cancer.

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NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF MACHINING CHARACTERISTICS OF HASTELLOY-X

Mehmet Alper Sofuoğlu, Fatih Hayati Çakır, Selim Gürgen, Sezan Orak, Melih Cemal Kuşhan

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Nickel-based alloys provide high corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength but these alloys possess poor machinability. Hastelloy-X is one of the nickel-based alloys. There are many studies about finite element modeling of nickel-based alloys but studies of Hastelloy- X are limited. In the present work, machining characteristics of Hastelloy-X were investigated and a numerical model was developed for the turning operation of Hastelloy-X. Cutting speed of 40 m/min and feed rate 0.1 mm/rev were taken into consideration in the operations and the results were evaluated considering process outputs such as cutting forces, cutting temperature and effective stresses The proposed model is applicable for the turning operation of Hastelloy-X.

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PRODUCTION OF FLAME RETARDANT WOOD COMPOSITES BY USING HUNTITE AND HYDROMAGNESITE

Hüsnügül YILMAZ ATAY

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In this study, it is aimed to provide resistance to fire as seen the biggest obstacle to the wood that until 60-70 years of our lives in the almost forgotten today, even though it is frequently used in every aspect both as building material requirements of wood with furniture that we use in all areas of daily life, decorative items, in front of which is related to the use of the kitchen tools or for decoration. In this study, inorganic Turkish huntite and hydromagnesite mineral was used as an additive flame retardant material during the production of wood composite. Primarily for the production of composite material, the mineral was crushed and ground. Mineralogical structure was determined by XRF, XRD and SEM-EDS devices. Thermal behavior was observed by DTA-TG apparatus. UL-94 test apparatus was used to determine flame retardant properties of the wood composites. In the preparation of the composites, changing of the mineral additive rate was considered. In this way the additive amount dependence of fireproof composite was observed to evaluate the optimum amount of mineral.

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STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE TESTING OF THE PARTICLE CIRCULARITY VALUES FROM VARIOUS PRODUCTS OF SPHALERITE COLUMN FLOTATION BENEFICIATION WITH ULTRASONIC PRE-TREATMENT

Uğur ULUSOY, Hülya KURŞUNb, İbrahim ERDOĞAN

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In this study, circularity of particles from various streams (such as feed and concentrates) of sphalerite beneficiation by column flotation with and without ultrasonic pre-treatment were measured by a recent technique; Dynamic image analysis (DIA) by counting more than 20 000 particles for each population. Then the statistical significance of mean circularity values was tested by using one way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and post hoc Tukey test. ANOVA results showed that circularity values of each particle from these product streams of column flotation with and without ultrasonic pre-treatment was statistically different from each other at the confidence level of 95%. DIA results showed that the highest circularity value was obtained in the concentrate of column flotation with ultrasonic           pre-treatment which gives the highest zinc grade and recovery indicating that particle circularity has small but positive effect on the sphalerite column flotation beneficiation with ultrasonic pre-treatment. 

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THE ANALYSIS OF A POLICY DOCUMENT: “TURKISH SCIENCE POLICY FROM 1983 TO 2003”

Ibrahim ARAP, Veysel ERAT

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This study aims to analyze the text entitled “Turkish Science Policy from 1983 to 2003” using the conceptual framework of public policy. Having been prepared over a period of more than two years with contributions by some 300 scientists and experts from universities, TUBITAK and other public institutions of research who come from a diversity of disciplines, this text embraces a system approach in determining a science and research policy for Turkey. For this reason, the set of concepts in the discipline of public policy will be used to analyze it. This will allow us to reveal what reasons lied behind such a text in the circumstances of the day, how successfully the text identified the issues in the system of science and technology, and how well-placed the proposed long-term solutions to these issues were. The study has been designed in four main parts. While the first part will address the conceptual framework regarding public policy, the second part will review the pre-1980 science agenda of the state. The third part will deal with the methodology and content of the document “Turkish Science Policy from 1983 to 2003” from the perspective of public policy, and finally the fourth part will investigate the reasons for its failure through comparison with similar documents that were produced later.

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THE EFFECT OF ROAD ROUGHNESS ON THE HALF VEHICLE MODEL AT DIFFERENT SPEEDS

Yusuf Alptekin TÜRKKAN, Gürsel ŞEFKAT

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In this study, equations of motion have been obtained through different methods used in mathematical model of system based on car physical models. To determine system behavior in variable road inputs, half car and seat mounted half car models have been constituted. Using the method of Lagrange which is one of the mathematical modeling method responses to system’s all physical models, mathematical models have been established. SIMULINK modeling program worked in MATLAB package has been used for computer solutions of system. Simulations have been made to the response to half car model hard road roughness and seat mounted half car model the to the road roughness at different speeds. As a result of made simulations, transmitted vibrations to seat and driver have been obtained.

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